A history of refugees

A history of refugees harmonise to the get together Nations, a refugee is a person who flees their syndicate country due to a sensible fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social conclave or political opinion. From ancient to recent times, from brusk atomic number 18as to developed countries, refugees could be seen almost everywhere. Nowadays, although the spheric economy has been growth very tumultuous, the task of refugee dummy up exits. With the old issues remain unsolved, the new ones alike emerging, the slip of refugees did not modify a lot much. The number of refugees has kept raising and their geographical statistical distribution has kept widening, how to find the solution to refugee worrys has become a cross-century ch all toldenge for the full world.P overty is one of the fatal roots of the refugee bother. The Food and Agriculture giving medication (FAO), in their report on the global victuals fo r thought and agri heathen situation, points prohibited that in that location atomic number 18 level-tempered 13% of the human species on populace (about 800 cardinal) atomic number 18 excuse starving. And the phenomenon is most solemn in the African mere in that respect were about 400 zillion sight wish of solid food or clothes Asia following Africa sees the less pommel situation there ar about 300 zillion people are still suffering from hunger all day long And the population in Latin America who live under the poverty line stretch the number of 70 million. We notice that, the number of refugees in each absolute refers to a considerable proportion of the number of people suffer from starvation. The current United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) statistics shows that there are more than 2100 million refugees in full worldwide, of which 8.44 million in Asia, 5.33 million in Africa, 1.04 million in North America, 570 thousand in Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe is home for 564 thousand refugees among whom mostly come from Africa, Asia and Latin America.In recent familys, our solid world sees the continuous development of science and technology along with the global economy. However, food shortage is still a very fatal and serious problem. In a report released by Food and Agricultural administration in March, it demonstrated that due to continuous natural disasters, there are now 60 million people living in 33 different countries are facing various degrees of food insecurity problems. The report, authorise Shortage of Food and Crops, said that some African area in the south of sub-Saharan region is facing the most serious food deficit 16 countries in that area are in uttermost(a) food shortage. In eastmost Africa, although the situation of the family-long drought has been improved finish course of study, yet 18 million people live in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Sudan and Tanzania still need the internatio nal community to continue to provide emergency food aid. In Mozambique and otherwise southern African countries, the recent outbreak of floods caused exacting damage to crops, and these countries also need access to food aid too. many an(prenominal) countries in Asia are also troubled by the shortage of food. ripe food crisis has begun in Afghanistan due to continuing cultivated struggle and drought. East and Central Asia countries such as Armenia, Georgia and Tajikistan are also in the need of food aid due to the droughts happened in their domestics. Food shortages presently threaten the lives of local residents, in order to survive, the population in poor area was strained to leave their homes and become refugees of no fixed abodes. other reason for refugee problems are very difficult to solve is the deteriorating economic situation and the over grown population in some certain countries. Lets top the case of Africa for instance. In recent age, with the African political situation is relievo and the economic situation began to improve, people seem to think that everything is going to be OK. However, there are still many countries out there lack of funds for development and many countries are carrying very heavy debt. According to international organizations after-hoursst statistics, the total external debt of the entire Africa reached 360 billion US dollars. It is more than 24 times of what it was 30 years ago. Heavy debt, on the one hand, brings deathly heavy burden to the African countries, and also seriously hampered Africas economic and social development strategies. Africas share in international pot continue to decline, till now they only squander 2% piece the foreign direct investment put in the whole Africa unpolluted every year is only 1.5% of total international investment. Relatively reversive economic conditions lead to the fact that the proportion of poor people in Africa is far more than that in other continents. Africas popula tion accounts for over 12% of the total population of the whole world, yet, Africas GDP is only about 2% of that of the globe. Africa now has a population of about 700 million the average yearly population growth rate is 3%, with the growth in tillage only goes to 2.5% per year. In some countries, there might be tied(p) negative growth in agriculture. There cant be profuse food grown to feed the fast increasing population.Too fast growth of population has also caused a shortage or even depletion of natural resources in some parts of Africa. According to researches, every year in Africa, more than 4 million hectares of forests are destroyed. There are severe desertification in many areas which leads to abnormal climate change, floods, droughts and pests. Human wipeout contributed a lot in creating this vicious cycle. The ecological environment in many African countries is deteriorating, many places are no longer suitable for living, and the condition local residents were forced to leave and find other places to live.Besides, race, phantasmal meshs and territorial disputes caused intensification of the conflict and fights could be counted as another reason for refugees. In the Middle East, Israeli-Palestinian conflict which has last for a century has one worst consequence that it created a ripple of Palestinian refugees and the problem of these refugees even hold an influence throughout the whole Middle East region. The wave of refugee organise by this conflict was the biggest and longest one in history. Currently, among the 21 million refugees worldwide, the Palestinian refugees make up the biggest part with a number of 3.5 million in total. From the emergence of the first generation of Palestinian refugees till now, the problem of them has continued for over 50 years and we could not even understandably see the hope to solve it. The problem of Palestinian refugees has become a big obstacle to remaining peace between Israel and Pakistan.Balkans refuge e problems caused by the heathen conflicts are quite bad too. Since the broke up of the civil war in the early nineties in the 20th century, the number of refuges in the Balkans has reached millions, of which women and children are the majority. In March, ethnic Albanians extremists had a large-scale fortify conflict with the government forces it caused another new refugee flow in Macedonia. The long-lasting civil war in Afghanistan make more than 7 million refugees ran outside to Iran and Pakistan. In South Africa, the largest number of refugees could be found in Angola and Mozambique. These cardinal countries recent 20 years were occupied by civil war or natural disasters, millions of people become displaced refugees. In Central Africa, because of the armed tribal conflict between Rwanda and Burundi, more than 2 million refugees fled to eastern Congo (DRC) region, and led to the conflict between Congo (DRC) and Rwanda, as well as Burundi and Uganda. It once caused the refugee crisis. The situation of refugees in eastern Africa is also increasingly worse the war between Eritrea and Ethiopia lasts for over 10 years forced thousands of refugees flew to other countries The Sudans civil war which nearly lasts for 50 years, forced large number of refugees fled to Ethiopia, bar Doyle, Central Africa and Kenya to survive Now, in Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Colombia and other countries, bloody conflicts and terrorist activities are still forcing local residents to flee their homes and become roofless refugees.Natural disasters are also important reasons contributed to the refugee problem which we cannot ignore. According to materials released by international organizations, that the average death caused by natural disasters every year is 1.44 million, 57 thousand injured and 5 million homeless. Severe shortage caused by natural disasters kills at least 73.6 thousand every year. In the past decade, various types of natural disasters caused the loss of 608 billion U.S. dollars in total and millions of refugees left their home and become wandering.Refugees not only bring problems to developing countries, but also bring burdens to developed countries. Large numbers of people buy the farm from developing countries to developed countries every year and among them, there are a lot of illegal immigrants who just becomes the economic refugees. Their existence with irresolution of safety and economical support lead to social problems in developing countries.After World War II, to deal with the refugee issue left in Europe by the war, the international community set up a temporary agency in Geneva to solve the European refugee problem in the year 1951. It was responsible for the specific work of resettlement of the refugees. later(prenominal) on, with the increasing number of refugees all over the world, this agencys scope also expand and finally become the current United Nations Higher Commission of Refugees (UNHCR).UNHCR is funded generally by contributions from the international community, 2% of the annual budget allocation by the United Nations, and the remaining 98% of pledges by countries. The annual budget of the UNHCR in the early ninetieth in the 20th century was 120 million and that in the year 2002 was 78 million U.S dollars. The current agent of UNHCR, former Prime Minister of Netherland Ruud Lubbers holds the opinion that to solve the refugee problem, the budget every year should at least be more than 110 million dollars. relocation work is a systematic project, in addition to rescue. At present, there are three major and general solutions to the refugee problems voluntary repatriation local integrating and third- country resettlement.After the United Nations Higher Commission of Refugees was founded, the scope of its service activities continued to change European refugees in the 1950s focus move on to Africa in 1960-1970s in the late 1970s, serious refugee problems have been all over Asia, Afr ica, and Latin American continents, the total number of refugees grow over 10 million After the cold war in the late 1990s, ethnic conflicts and religious conflicts have become increasingly prominent in some parts of the world. Conflicts, civil wars and political instabilities led to large-scale influx of refugees. United Nations statistics show that in the last ten years in the 20th century, the number of refugees in the world increased by a variety of more than 7 million, from 15 million in 1990 to 22 million in the early of the year 2000. Among them, the worlds total number of refugee in 1991 was 17 million while this data became 23 million in 1993 and later in 1995 to a record 27 million.World Refugee twenty-four hour period occurs on June 20. The day was created in 2000 by a special United Nations General Assembly Resolution. June 20 had previously been commemorated as African Refugee twenty-four hours in a number of African countries. In the United domain World Refugee Day is celebrated as part of Refugee Week. Refugee Week is a nationwide festival designed to promote understanding and to celebrate the cultural contributions of refugees, and features many events such as music, dance and theatre.History tells us that the refugee problem is threatening our step of development in secure and peace. There are so many complicated reasons that cause the problem of refugee and there is no simple solution to it. Human beings must face the fact that we have these problems all around and work out ways to effectively ward off this piece of dark shadow that has always been on our planet.